The Basis of Human Thought

The course deals with the beginnings of ethical and literary reflection of man as an autonomous and free creature, accompanied by the principle of freedom of choice and the principle of duties and responsibilities. Presented are key examples from Greek antiquity - both literary (Sophocles, Antigone), and social (polis) - the concept of man as a person, Biblical tradition, then the development of the humanities disciplines at the beginning of a new era. Here course elaborates on the authors who have made a critical foundation for modern interpretation of classic texts (L. Valla, Erasmus R.), but pave the way for the method of introspective awareness, personal ethical responsibility (Luther) and the new teaching profession (Jan A. Comenius) . On this path of development subsequently the movement of existentialism developed (Kierkegaard) and personalism, and their cultural and ideological expressions in modern European
society and thought (Mr. Marcel, E. Mounier, E. Kocbek, N. Berdjaev, J. Royce).